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Optical imaging of seisure activity
Source: 2007;1:1025-1030.
Author: Haglund MM, Hochman D & Toga AW
Abstract:
Recent advances in imaging techniques have provided the clinician with new methods to identify epileptic foci, rolandic cortex, and eloquent language areas. The best method for understanding how these imaging techniques, such as magnetoen-cephalography (MEG), positron emission tomography (PET), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and optical imaging, fit together is to examine briefly their temporal and spatial resolution. Accurate maps of brain function and the spread of epileptiform activity require excellent spatial resolution to identify interictal activity and the site of onset of ictal activity and to find the source of the epileptic activity and the pathways by which the seizure activity spreads. Unfortunately, although each of these new methods holds significant promise, none stands alone to provide the unique answer for identifying epileptic foci and mapping functional activity. PET provides three-dimensional informaiton regarding functional activity but has a temporal resolution of only 40 seconds and a spatial resolution of 5 to 7.5 mm, limiting its ability to identify ictal onsets and individual interictal activity. SPECT has similar limitations, although newer imaging compounds have allowed identification of epileptic foci and ictal-onsets zones. Functional MRI is rapidly advancing, and provides three-dimensional identification of rolandic cortex and has been shown to have the potential to localize eloquent regions, especially Broca area; however, identification of epileptic foci and seizures spread awaits further advancements. MEG has the fastest temporal resolution, which is necessary to identify epileptic foci, but it somewhat limited by its overall spatial resolution and the methods necessary to identify rolandic cortex and eloquent regions. Optical imaging is one of the latest imaging techniques to be used on human cortex with potential advantages of being the only techniques used for intraoperative localization of epileptic foci, rolandic cortex, and eloquent language regions. This chapter focuses on the use of optical imaging in identifying epileptic foci and the spread of seizure activity in human patients undergoing epilepsy surgery.
Source: 2007;1:1025-1030.
Author: Haglund MM, Hochman D & Toga AW
Abstract:
Recent advances in imaging techniques have provided the clinician with new methods to identify epileptic foci, rolandic cortex, and eloquent language areas. The best method for understanding how these imaging techniques, such as magnetoen-cephalography (MEG), positron emission tomography (PET), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and optical imaging, fit together is to examine briefly their temporal and spatial resolution. Accurate maps of brain function and the spread of epileptiform activity require excellent spatial resolution to identify interictal activity and the site of onset of ictal activity and to find the source of the epileptic activity and the pathways by which the seizure activity spreads. Unfortunately, although each of these new methods holds significant promise, none stands alone to provide the unique answer for identifying epileptic foci and mapping functional activity. PET provides three-dimensional informaiton regarding functional activity but has a temporal resolution of only 40 seconds and a spatial resolution of 5 to 7.5 mm, limiting its ability to identify ictal onsets and individual interictal activity. SPECT has similar limitations, although newer imaging compounds have allowed identification of epileptic foci and ictal-onsets zones. Functional MRI is rapidly advancing, and provides three-dimensional identification of rolandic cortex and has been shown to have the potential to localize eloquent regions, especially Broca area; however, identification of epileptic foci and seizures spread awaits further advancements. MEG has the fastest temporal resolution, which is necessary to identify epileptic foci, but it somewhat limited by its overall spatial resolution and the methods necessary to identify rolandic cortex and eloquent regions. Optical imaging is one of the latest imaging techniques to be used on human cortex with potential advantages of being the only techniques used for intraoperative localization of epileptic foci, rolandic cortex, and eloquent language regions. This chapter focuses on the use of optical imaging in identifying epileptic foci and the spread of seizure activity in human patients undergoing epilepsy surgery.