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Intraoperative Optical Intrinsic Signal Imaging: A Clinical Tool for Functional Brain Mapping
Source: Neurosurgical Focus 2002 Oct;13(4):1-9.
Author: Pouratian N, Cannestra AF, Martin NA, Toga AW.
PubMed ID: 15771400
Abstract:
Optical imaging of intrinsic signals (OIS) is a well-established neuroimaging technique that maps functional cortical activity by detecting activity-related changes in cortical light reflectance. Light reflectance changes are detected by a CCD camera that captures images of the exposed cortex both at rest and during activity. Although to date OIS has only been used for research purposes, intraoperative OIS (iOIS) holds promise as a clinical mapping tool. In general, iOIS demonstrates good spatial correlation with electrocortical stimulation mapping (ESM) and other electrophysiological techniques. Additionally, iOIS offers high spatial resolution (microns), does not contact the surface of the brain, and introduces no potentially harmful compounds. Moreover, mapping is relatively rapid. We review the potential contribution of iOIS to the intraoperative environment. Specifically, we review iOIS methodology, discuss signal etiology, compare OIS with other functional mapping techniques, and explain its potential benefits and limitations. We propose that iOIS may, in the future, be used in conjunction with ESM to improve the resolution and accuracy of intraoperative mapping, decrease total time of mapping during surgery, and possibly improve neurological outcomes. Further studies will have to be done to quantify the sensitivity and specificity of optical maps relative to ESM before it can be implemented clinically.
Source: Neurosurgical Focus 2002 Oct;13(4):1-9.
Author: Pouratian N, Cannestra AF, Martin NA, Toga AW.
PubMed ID: 15771400
Abstract:
Optical imaging of intrinsic signals (OIS) is a well-established neuroimaging technique that maps functional cortical activity by detecting activity-related changes in cortical light reflectance. Light reflectance changes are detected by a CCD camera that captures images of the exposed cortex both at rest and during activity. Although to date OIS has only been used for research purposes, intraoperative OIS (iOIS) holds promise as a clinical mapping tool. In general, iOIS demonstrates good spatial correlation with electrocortical stimulation mapping (ESM) and other electrophysiological techniques. Additionally, iOIS offers high spatial resolution (microns), does not contact the surface of the brain, and introduces no potentially harmful compounds. Moreover, mapping is relatively rapid. We review the potential contribution of iOIS to the intraoperative environment. Specifically, we review iOIS methodology, discuss signal etiology, compare OIS with other functional mapping techniques, and explain its potential benefits and limitations. We propose that iOIS may, in the future, be used in conjunction with ESM to improve the resolution and accuracy of intraoperative mapping, decrease total time of mapping during surgery, and possibly improve neurological outcomes. Further studies will have to be done to quantify the sensitivity and specificity of optical maps relative to ESM before it can be implemented clinically.