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Atlases of the human brain
Source: 1997;.
Author: Mazziotta JC, Toga AW, Evans A, Fox P, Lancaster JL
Abstract:
The advent of digital representation provides a meaningful and highly flexible new tool to aid in the map-making process. With a true 3D representation, the observer can select, scale, and view any orientation at will, provided the appropriate data set is available for survey. Quantifiable information can then be retrieved by pointing to the appropriate location in space, and opening a file that produces tabular data about a given region or a selected view of detailed structure at a higher degree of magnification. This concept raises yet another problem. Tools are available to analyze brain structure at a macroscopic level, particularly with the advent of in vivo imaging techniques, such as CT and MRI. Microscopic anatomy has been of interest to investigators for more than a century. The same can be said, although for a shorter time frame, of ultrastructural anatomy of the brain. Critical, although largely missing, components of these methods are the appropriate bridging technologies taht can span the gamut from macroscopic to microscopic and microscopic to ultrastructural scales. Yet to have a continuous, smooth scaling from the ultrastructural level to the macroscopic level, such methods must be established. This chapter explores the types of maps that can be produced of the nervous system, and the opportunities as well as constraints that currently exist for their development and ultimate use. It should be realized, however, that the creation of formal digital and standardized approaches to brain mapping are less of a luxury and more of a requirement in the current neuroscientific era; the explosion in neuroscientific information demands an organized approach to communication between neuroscientists that will increase both the efficiency and quality of data analysis.
Source: 1997;.
Author: Mazziotta JC, Toga AW, Evans A, Fox P, Lancaster JL
Abstract:
The advent of digital representation provides a meaningful and highly flexible new tool to aid in the map-making process. With a true 3D representation, the observer can select, scale, and view any orientation at will, provided the appropriate data set is available for survey. Quantifiable information can then be retrieved by pointing to the appropriate location in space, and opening a file that produces tabular data about a given region or a selected view of detailed structure at a higher degree of magnification. This concept raises yet another problem. Tools are available to analyze brain structure at a macroscopic level, particularly with the advent of in vivo imaging techniques, such as CT and MRI. Microscopic anatomy has been of interest to investigators for more than a century. The same can be said, although for a shorter time frame, of ultrastructural anatomy of the brain. Critical, although largely missing, components of these methods are the appropriate bridging technologies taht can span the gamut from macroscopic to microscopic and microscopic to ultrastructural scales. Yet to have a continuous, smooth scaling from the ultrastructural level to the macroscopic level, such methods must be established. This chapter explores the types of maps that can be produced of the nervous system, and the opportunities as well as constraints that currently exist for their development and ultimate use. It should be realized, however, that the creation of formal digital and standardized approaches to brain mapping are less of a luxury and more of a requirement in the current neuroscientific era; the explosion in neuroscientific information demands an organized approach to communication between neuroscientists that will increase both the efficiency and quality of data analysis.