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Brain mapping neurotoxicity and neuropathology
Source: Annals of New York Academy of Sciences 1997 May;820:1-13.
Author: Toga AW.
PubMed ID: 9237445
Abstract:
The papers presented in this part, entitled Present Techniques for Monitoring Neurotoxicity and Neuropathology, give evidence of a wide range of technologies for monitoring brain structure and function. These include everything from the examination of histological preparations to in vivo functional brain activation measurements. All the data collected using these techniques have one thing in common: they reference an anatomic framework against which data from different modalities, experiments, and subjects can be compared and contrasted. The difficulty in accomplishing these comparisons stems from the fact that no common anatomic reference system an accommodate the variability found across individuals and modalities. The purpose of this introductory article is to describe current efforts that are focused on solutions to these problems of comparison. Most atlases of the human brain and, other species are derived from one, or at best a few, individual specimens. Such atlases may take the form of anatomical references or they may represent a particular feature of the brain, such as a specific neurochemical distribution or cerebral cortical cytoarchitecture. In existing atlases, proportional scaling systems are typically employed to reference a given brain to the atlas brain. The anatomical variability between individual human brains is well known. Given the still undefined relationship between neuronal structure and function, an atlas based on an unvarying anatomy does not satisfy the need for measuring, mapping, or modeling a population. One need only look at the functional and structural specialization of the hemispheres to recognize the depth of this problem. Single-modality atlases are also insufficient, because of the need to establish the relationship between different measurements of anatomy and physiology.
Source: Annals of New York Academy of Sciences 1997 May;820:1-13.
Author: Toga AW.
PubMed ID: 9237445
Abstract:
The papers presented in this part, entitled Present Techniques for Monitoring Neurotoxicity and Neuropathology, give evidence of a wide range of technologies for monitoring brain structure and function. These include everything from the examination of histological preparations to in vivo functional brain activation measurements. All the data collected using these techniques have one thing in common: they reference an anatomic framework against which data from different modalities, experiments, and subjects can be compared and contrasted. The difficulty in accomplishing these comparisons stems from the fact that no common anatomic reference system an accommodate the variability found across individuals and modalities. The purpose of this introductory article is to describe current efforts that are focused on solutions to these problems of comparison. Most atlases of the human brain and, other species are derived from one, or at best a few, individual specimens. Such atlases may take the form of anatomical references or they may represent a particular feature of the brain, such as a specific neurochemical distribution or cerebral cortical cytoarchitecture. In existing atlases, proportional scaling systems are typically employed to reference a given brain to the atlas brain. The anatomical variability between individual human brains is well known. Given the still undefined relationship between neuronal structure and function, an atlas based on an unvarying anatomy does not satisfy the need for measuring, mapping, or modeling a population. One need only look at the functional and structural specialization of the hemispheres to recognize the depth of this problem. Single-modality atlases are also insufficient, because of the need to establish the relationship between different measurements of anatomy and physiology.